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3d printing aims to deliver organs on demand

by:Tuowei     2019-08-30
One day, 3D is acceptable for dying patients
Printed organs made with their own cells, instead of waiting for a long list of organ transplant shortages.
This futuristic dream is far from reality, but university labs and private companies have taken the first step by using 3D technology --
Printing technology for making tiny organs.
Regenerative medicine has been implanted in the laboratory.
Through the combination of artificial stent and living human cells, the skin, trachea and bladder are grown slowly into the body parts of the patient.
In contrast, 3D
Printing technology provides higher speed and computer
Print living cells layer by layer to make replacement skin, body parts, and perhaps eventually organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys.
Tony Attara, director of the Winston Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute, said: \"The biological printing organs used by humans will not happen soon. Salem, N. C.
\"But for the tissues that we have implanted into the patient, we are now back to them and saying, \'We know we can do better with 3D printing. \'\" [
7 Cool uses of 3D printing in medicine]
From the skin to the heart, the difficulty of building an organ with 3D printing is roughly divided into four complex levels, Atala said.
Flat structures of most cell types, such as human skin, represent the organs that are most easily manufactured.
Second, tubular structures with two major cell types, such as blood vessels, pose a greater challenge.
Hollow organs such as the stomach or bladder have more complex functions and interactions with other organs, resulting in the complexity of the third level.
Finally, the complexity of the fourth level includes organs such as the heart, liver and kidney, which is the ultimate goal of the biological printing pioneer.
\"With bio-printing, we approach it like we do with other organs,\" Atala said . \".
\"We first pursue flat structures, like the skin, followed by tubular structures like blood vessels, and then hollow non-tubular organs like the bladder.
\"Regenerative Medicine has proven that it can be implanted into the laboratory.
The growth version of the first three organs became a patient.
Atala and other researchers hope that the efficiency of 3D printing can expand the manufacturing scope of this organ for wide use and help make the heart, liver and kidney suitable for implantation in patients.
How to print the lab built before-
Grow the organ by creating a human scaffold in the shape of the desired organ and vaccinating it with living cells.
They implanted the artificial bladder into the patient for the first time in 1999, but over the past decade, we built a 3D printer that prints both the artificial scaffold and the living cells, this process requires liquid \"glue\", \"which harden into the consistency of the fudge when it dries.
Other laboratories believe that they can bypass the artificial scaffold by using the self-inclination of living cellsorganize.
This avoids the challenge of selecting a scaffold material that can eventually dissolve without affecting living cells, but in the absence of a scaffold, the initial structure of living cells will be subtle
\"If you do what we do, put the cells in the right place, you won\'t start with anything structural,\" said Keith Murphy, chairman and CEO of organista . \", A start-up in San Diegobased company.
\"The challenge for us is the strength and integrity of the structure.
\"Organscientists scientists have tried to build tiny liver slices by first creating\" building blocks \"with the necessary cells.
The company\'s 3D printer can then lay the building blocks in layers to allow the living cells to start growing together.
Stem cells extracted from patient fat or bone marrow can provide 3D-
Murphy says printed materials used to make organs that the body will not refuse.
His company partnered with Stuart Williams, executive and scientific director of the Cardiovascular Innovation Institute in Louisville, Kentucky.
Stem cells are extracted from fat.
The smallest challenge is the ability to print complete
The size of the organ depends on how to seed for 3D
Both large and small blood vessels provide nutritious printing organs
Keep the living tissue healthy and rich in blood.
So far, no laboratory has been successful in 3D.
Print the organ with the vascular network needed to maintain the organ. [
Photo: print tiny organs for \"body\" on chip]
Organza has started to achieve this by trying 3D
Print the blood vessel width 1mm or larger.
The company has also made tissue containing about 50 microns or smaller blood vessels (
1mm equals 1,000 microns)
Enough to maintain mm-
Thick organs
Even the best 3D printers are still limited when working on the minimum scale of building blood vessels and organs.
But Williams, head of the Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, has worked hard to create a 3D-
Agree with organista that solutions include the use of self
The tendency of living cells to organize.
\"We will print things in the order of tens of micrometers or hundreds of micrometers, and then the cells will experience their biological developmental reactions to self-
\"The organization is right,\" said Williams.
\"Printing will only take us a long way.
\"At present, in addition to organ implantation, biological printing pioneers want to use even the smallest 3D technology. printed organs.
Atala\'s lab has received it recently. S.
The Ministry of Defense has funded a collaborative project aimed at printing tiny hearts, liver and kidneys to form a connected \"body on the chip \", ideal for testing possible drugs and the effects of disease or chemical warfare agents on the human body.
Organza has started working on a 3D-
Printed liver models for testing drug safety and effectiveness.
The startup is also developing cancer models to detect cancer drugs.
Murphy said that the biological printing revolution may eventually begin to provide \"paper towels\" on demand in the next 10 or 15 years \".
This may not fulfill the dream of organ implantation, but it may prove life to many patients --Enough change
\"You will see the heart muscle patch, bypass blood vessels or nerve graft to bridge the gap in the nerves,\" Murphy said . \".
Copyright 2013 livesscience, a technology media network company.
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