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why 3d-printed hearts for transplant are closer than we think
by：Tuowei
2019-09-08
An era of 3D-
A leading scientist said the printed liver, kidneys and even the heart may arrive faster than we thought.
This area has the potential to answer a historic question-with an average of 550 New Zealanders waiting for organ or tissue transplants-one of the most exciting areas in science.
The concept of printing complex organs has been put forward for 20 years, but recent breakthroughs have brought it closer to reality.
\"I definitely see that tissue engineering ultimately eliminates the need for organ donors,\" said Olaf Digel, a professor at the University of Auckland . \".
\"It has too many advantages.
\"This field stems from the pioneering work of Dr. Anthony atatras in the United States --
Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute in central China1990s.
Many institutes around the world now have some form of biology.
The printing project brings together experts in the fields of medicine, biology, software, social sciences and mechanical and electronic engineering.
Scientists have used two main methods, both of which involve stem cells, Diegel explained.
The first is the print sponge.
Like a biodegradable polymer scaffold, stem cells can be vaccinated and cultured on it.
As the cells develop, the polymer is degraded at the same speed, which means that the polymer will completely dissolve when the cells grow into organs.
The second is gelatin.
Like a sticky substance known as a gel, when cells are printed, it is used to make them into the correct shape.
Since these cells are harvested directly from patients, the risk of their rejection is much lower.
Most of the organs that scientists have successfully printed so far are relatively simple, such as the trachea, heart valves, and bladder.
Liver cells printed in a petri dish are also used for drug testing, but scientists have not yet reached the promised land of the liver, pancreas and heart.
\"I think the biggest leap that needs in this area if we want to print more complex organs is to figure out how to deal with the vascular system,\" Diegel said . \".
Researchers have created mini in recent years
Organs, known as \"organs\", contain many cell types and complex micro-structures found in human organs, such as kidneys, liver, intestines and even the brain.
But most of the lab
The growing organs lack the intricate network of tiny blood vessels required to provide oxygen and nutrition, discharge metabolic waste and connect different cell types.
There have been some promising developments in this field.
For example, this year, a team of scientists in the United States created a 3D bio-printer that can print ships less than millimeters wide on bio-chips
Compatible gel.
Another team from Harvard University has found a powerful new way to make stem cells
Derived kidney organs are more mature than before.
In another world
First, researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel used the patient\'s own cells and biological materials to print the world\'s first 3D vascular engineered heart.
Diegel predicts that scientists will cross the final barrier once they break through the vascular challenge.
However, he added that there are other obstacles outside the laboratory.
One obvious problem is the price.
Another question is whether people agree with the idea morally.
\"There are some issues, such as those raised in the movie\" island \", where the rich have their own clones and can be used as spare parts if they have an accident,\" he said . \".
\"Should you be allowed to print better organs than your original one?
\"These ethical and social problems are just some of the problems that we need to solve while we are developing science.
\"Diegel, more than oneaward-
According to the award-winning product design developer appointed by the previous government\'s startup University project, this year served as the head of the university\'s creative design and additive manufacturing laboratory.
He hopes that his team is building something that will change the way 3D printing or additives are made (AM)
Used in all walks of life.
AM uses a layered process instead of a traditional one.
In the latter, the product is created by carving out or subtracting it from the base material.
Using AM, send a 3D model of the original object to a 3D printer that prints a multi-layer liquid or powder to gradually establish a copy object.
This is a process that can produce parts that are more complex and lighter than traditional manufacturing, while reducing waste.
AM has had an impact in industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, fashion and healthcare.
After leaving New Zealand in 2014, Diegel led the product development department and AM lab at Lund University in Sweden.
During his career, he has developed over 100 new products for New Zealand and international companies, including a number of home health monitoring, safety, marine and lighting products.
He also developed the world\'s smallest refrigerator to store insulin and other medicines.
He and his team at Lund also designed a few AM-
Based on the prosthesis, including a 3-year-
Due to congenital disease, there is no old girl with left arm at birth.
Unlike traditional artificial limbs, it is almost a decorative sculptural aesthetic-more of a work of art than a traditional artificial limb. \"We first 3D-
\"Scanning the residual limb with a $300 scanner gives us a 3D model of the little girl\'s arm,\" he explained . \".
\"Then we married it with a computer --aided design [Cad]
Model of the prosthesis, then \"subtract\" the scanned arm from Cad, which leaves a socket that is exactly the same shape as the scanned limb.
\"This means that the prosthesis is perfect for the little girl.
\"In fact, this project is more about using these modern manufacturing techniques quickly and easily as a way to determine the formula for faster manufacture of artificial limbs --
So cheaper.
More appropriate than old technology.
\"Similar projects developed by his team at Lund led to the spirout corporate anatomy studio, which specializes in the design and manufacture of customizations
Artificial artificial limb cover-designed to be worn as a fashion, as a form of self
Expression, not something to hide.
\"The standard prosthesis doesn\'t look right-it\'s to make the prosthesis beautiful and not ugly.
\"Diegel and PhD students are now working for the pet prosthetic Association.
For example, if a dog\'s paw is crushed, they do not want to remove its entire limb, but rather want to be able to remove only the damaged part and replace it with a prosthetic limb.
\'I have opened up countless possibilities,\' he said.
As a personal hobby, he designed and made nearly 75 guitars using AM\'s custom-crafted instrument, including a reference rock band gun and Rose guitar, as well as a steampunk guitar and more.
One of his guitars, themed on spider webs, will be on display this month at the Atlanta museum of design as part of the wire and timber exhibition.
Diegel believes that there is potential in researching and advancing materials that can be used for AM-for example, cellulose in wood, \"all the scrap we throw away now \".
Most companies here think AM is a direct alternative to traditional manufacturing, but that\'s not the case, he said.
\"For the cost of it --
Effectively, parts must be redesigned to add value to the product, otherwise it will become a slow and expensive manufacturing technology.
\"But, for example, if you can reduce the weight of the product by 60 cents, or make each product customized to suit the customer, then you add enough value to make it a No. brainer.
\"So we spend a lot of time developing these new design technologies for AM and then passing them on to the company so they can use them to add value to their business, better compete in the world. \" In the short-
In the long run, he believes it is necessary to drive the development of current software.
\"We need better software to make the technology smarter and automatically redesign the current manufacturing process to make better use of additive manufacturing,\" he said . \".
\"I think this is a potentially huge area of growth for New Zealand because it has a world market.
A leading scientist said the printed liver, kidneys and even the heart may arrive faster than we thought.
This area has the potential to answer a historic question-with an average of 550 New Zealanders waiting for organ or tissue transplants-one of the most exciting areas in science.
The concept of printing complex organs has been put forward for 20 years, but recent breakthroughs have brought it closer to reality.
\"I definitely see that tissue engineering ultimately eliminates the need for organ donors,\" said Olaf Digel, a professor at the University of Auckland . \".
\"It has too many advantages.
\"This field stems from the pioneering work of Dr. Anthony atatras in the United States --
Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute in central China1990s.
Many institutes around the world now have some form of biology.
The printing project brings together experts in the fields of medicine, biology, software, social sciences and mechanical and electronic engineering.
Scientists have used two main methods, both of which involve stem cells, Diegel explained.
The first is the print sponge.
Like a biodegradable polymer scaffold, stem cells can be vaccinated and cultured on it.
As the cells develop, the polymer is degraded at the same speed, which means that the polymer will completely dissolve when the cells grow into organs.
The second is gelatin.
Like a sticky substance known as a gel, when cells are printed, it is used to make them into the correct shape.
Since these cells are harvested directly from patients, the risk of their rejection is much lower.
Most of the organs that scientists have successfully printed so far are relatively simple, such as the trachea, heart valves, and bladder.
Liver cells printed in a petri dish are also used for drug testing, but scientists have not yet reached the promised land of the liver, pancreas and heart.
\"I think the biggest leap that needs in this area if we want to print more complex organs is to figure out how to deal with the vascular system,\" Diegel said . \".
Researchers have created mini in recent years
Organs, known as \"organs\", contain many cell types and complex micro-structures found in human organs, such as kidneys, liver, intestines and even the brain.
But most of the lab
The growing organs lack the intricate network of tiny blood vessels required to provide oxygen and nutrition, discharge metabolic waste and connect different cell types.
There have been some promising developments in this field.
For example, this year, a team of scientists in the United States created a 3D bio-printer that can print ships less than millimeters wide on bio-chips
Compatible gel.
Another team from Harvard University has found a powerful new way to make stem cells
Derived kidney organs are more mature than before.
In another world
First, researchers at Tel Aviv University in Israel used the patient\'s own cells and biological materials to print the world\'s first 3D vascular engineered heart.
Diegel predicts that scientists will cross the final barrier once they break through the vascular challenge.
However, he added that there are other obstacles outside the laboratory.
One obvious problem is the price.
Another question is whether people agree with the idea morally.
\"There are some issues, such as those raised in the movie\" island \", where the rich have their own clones and can be used as spare parts if they have an accident,\" he said . \".
\"Should you be allowed to print better organs than your original one?
\"These ethical and social problems are just some of the problems that we need to solve while we are developing science.
\"Diegel, more than oneaward-
According to the award-winning product design developer appointed by the previous government\'s startup University project, this year served as the head of the university\'s creative design and additive manufacturing laboratory.
He hopes that his team is building something that will change the way 3D printing or additives are made (AM)
Used in all walks of life.
AM uses a layered process instead of a traditional one.
In the latter, the product is created by carving out or subtracting it from the base material.
Using AM, send a 3D model of the original object to a 3D printer that prints a multi-layer liquid or powder to gradually establish a copy object.
This is a process that can produce parts that are more complex and lighter than traditional manufacturing, while reducing waste.
AM has had an impact in industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, fashion and healthcare.
After leaving New Zealand in 2014, Diegel led the product development department and AM lab at Lund University in Sweden.
During his career, he has developed over 100 new products for New Zealand and international companies, including a number of home health monitoring, safety, marine and lighting products.
He also developed the world\'s smallest refrigerator to store insulin and other medicines.
He and his team at Lund also designed a few AM-
Based on the prosthesis, including a 3-year-
Due to congenital disease, there is no old girl with left arm at birth.
Unlike traditional artificial limbs, it is almost a decorative sculptural aesthetic-more of a work of art than a traditional artificial limb. \"We first 3D-
\"Scanning the residual limb with a $300 scanner gives us a 3D model of the little girl\'s arm,\" he explained . \".
\"Then we married it with a computer --aided design [Cad]
Model of the prosthesis, then \"subtract\" the scanned arm from Cad, which leaves a socket that is exactly the same shape as the scanned limb.
\"This means that the prosthesis is perfect for the little girl.
\"In fact, this project is more about using these modern manufacturing techniques quickly and easily as a way to determine the formula for faster manufacture of artificial limbs --
So cheaper.
More appropriate than old technology.
\"Similar projects developed by his team at Lund led to the spirout corporate anatomy studio, which specializes in the design and manufacture of customizations
Artificial artificial limb cover-designed to be worn as a fashion, as a form of self
Expression, not something to hide.
\"The standard prosthesis doesn\'t look right-it\'s to make the prosthesis beautiful and not ugly.
\"Diegel and PhD students are now working for the pet prosthetic Association.
For example, if a dog\'s paw is crushed, they do not want to remove its entire limb, but rather want to be able to remove only the damaged part and replace it with a prosthetic limb.
\'I have opened up countless possibilities,\' he said.
As a personal hobby, he designed and made nearly 75 guitars using AM\'s custom-crafted instrument, including a reference rock band gun and Rose guitar, as well as a steampunk guitar and more.
One of his guitars, themed on spider webs, will be on display this month at the Atlanta museum of design as part of the wire and timber exhibition.
Diegel believes that there is potential in researching and advancing materials that can be used for AM-for example, cellulose in wood, \"all the scrap we throw away now \".
Most companies here think AM is a direct alternative to traditional manufacturing, but that\'s not the case, he said.
\"For the cost of it --
Effectively, parts must be redesigned to add value to the product, otherwise it will become a slow and expensive manufacturing technology.
\"But, for example, if you can reduce the weight of the product by 60 cents, or make each product customized to suit the customer, then you add enough value to make it a No. brainer.
\"So we spend a lot of time developing these new design technologies for AM and then passing them on to the company so they can use them to add value to their business, better compete in the world. \" In the short-
In the long run, he believes it is necessary to drive the development of current software.
\"We need better software to make the technology smarter and automatically redesign the current manufacturing process to make better use of additive manufacturing,\" he said . \".
\"I think this is a potentially huge area of growth for New Zealand because it has a world market.
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