3d printed microfluidic probes

In this work, we have manufactured a micro-fluid probe (MFPs)
Print one step through stereo printing 3D and benchmark their performance through standard MFPs made from glass or silicon micromachining.
Together, the two research groups introduce two separate design and manufacturing protocols using different devices.
Both strategies are cheap and simple (
All they need is a stereo printer)
Highly customizable.
The flow representation was performed by reproducing previously published microfluid two-pole and microfluid four-pole reagent delivery profiles, which were compared with the expected results of numerical simulations and scaling laws.
The results show that for most MFP applications, the effect of printer resolution artifacts on probe operation, reagent pattern formation, and cell staining results is negligible.
Therefore, any research group with moderate resolution (≤100u2009µm)
Stereo printing printers will be able to manufacture them and use them to process cells or to produce a micro-fluid concentration gradient.
In previous published articles on this topic, MFP manufacturing involves micromachining of glass and/or silicon or micromolding of polymers.
Therefore, we believe that the MFPs of 3D printing will democratize this technology.
We have contributed to launching this trend by making our CAD files available to readers to test our \"print and probe\" methods using their own stereo printing 3D printers.
Micro-fluid probe (MFP)is a non-
Contact micro-fluid system combined with the concept of fluid dynamics flow restriction (HFC)
The scanning probe generates a dynamic micro-fluid device that does not require analysis in a closed pipeline.
It runs underground. known Hele-
Xiao cell approximation, that is, quasi
2D stokes flows are generated between two parallel plates separated by any small gap, and have previously been demonstrated in the micro-fluid electrode (MD)
Four-stage micro-fluid Rod (MQ)
Configuration (see Fig. ).
The technology, developed about a decade ago, is now well established and has since been repeatedly developed and used by several groups, mainly for the implementation of the open surface reagent mapping operation.
Examples of MFP applications include a patterned protein array on the plane, stimulation and manipulation of mammalian cells, Local perfusion of tissue slices, and the generation of a floating concentration gradient.
Recently, the MD configuration of the mfp was proposed as a tissue exposure tool, where it allows for formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-
Tissue slices.
On the other hand, the MQ configuration has recently been used as a tool for advanced cell chemistry studies in which it allows to study the dynamics of cells during migration under a moving concentration gradient.
The main advantage of MFP is that it overcomes the main limitation of traditional channel
Based on microfluids, such as high shear stress and tiny pattern regions, the agent is allowed to be delivered locally for biological applications at the same time.
Another major advantage of the MFP is its ability to draw large, open flat surfaces using traditional laboratory equipment (
Like cells on a petri dish).
However, due to several obstacles, the potential of MFP is still largely developed in Life Sciences.
One of the obstacles is that because MFPs are often complex manufacturing processes, they cannot be easily produced on demand.
For example, the technology was originally made with a silicon tip and a polybendione (PDMS)chip-to-
World connectors requiring bulk micromachining of silicon chips, using soft exposure or micro
Molding technology, alignment and assembly of different layers, as well as separate machining of probe brackets.
In order to standardize this manufacturing procedure, Glass was introduced
Silicon hybrid vertical MFP (vMFP)
Concept, with gasket-
Integrated probe Holder for a more compact world-to-chip interface.
This technology has proven to be very effective in manufacturing MFPs with all fluid holes placed along a straight line and is currently one of the most commonly used technologies.
However, its procedures require expensive micro-manufacturing facilities, which means that Wafer welding steps are difficult to implement for any aperture arrangement and lead to a longer prototyping cycle.
3D printing technology has actively broken the development cycle of traditional micro-fluid devices, which is expected to overcome these challenges.
It not only provides a relatively seamless connection of several parts, but also provides a simple, fast, cheap but robust way to make these devices on demand (Fig. ).
More specifically, 3D printing of MFPs is highly customizable, allowing unlimited design and probe configuration.
Unlike vMFP technology, any number of holes can be printed in one step without imposing restrictions on the location or arrangement of holes.
In this work, we performed the first demonstration of 3D printing MFP operation using two independently designed chips. The side-by-
The edge comparison method adopted in this paper aims to emphasize the flexibility and universality of 3D printing.
Throughout the process, we highlight the benefits of this approach and the potential complications that may arise during the process, and introduce the maneuver strategies for this complication.
By showing two different designs, they use different methods and focus on different aspects with the aim of showing different design and manufacturing possibilities, and prompt for the wide applicability of using almost any medium to high resolution printer.
In conclusion, we verified the effectiveness of MFP by standard staining of living adherent cells in a petri dish.
In general, the article aims to provide guidelines to help other research groups develop 3D printing probes suitable for their own applications.